Galatians Bible Argument Essay - 2123 Words

I. Introduction 1:1-9 In this opening chapter, Paul begins with a formal introduction of himself. He asserts the source from whom he obtained his apostolic call and ministry from- the risen Christ and â€Å"God the Father† (v.1). He follows with a stern rebuke of the Galatian Christians who have allowed themselves to be duped into to embracing the heretical teachings promulgated by the Judaizers. A. Salutation 1:1-5 Paul establishes his credentials forthrightly and formally. This was crucial in terms of validating the ensuing message of the epistle. His readership, as well as his critics (the Judaizers), needed to be reminded of his apostolic authority as he attacked the heresy that had taken foothold in the Galatian Christian community.†¦show more content†¦A. Paul’s Call 1:11-12 Paul explicates the particulars of his divine commissioning. Again, this was necessary so at to â€Å"re-authenticate† his apostleship before the Galatian believers (and his dissenters). B. Paul’s Confirmation 1:13-2:21 1. His Early Activities 1:13-17 Paul discusses his conversion from Judaism. This is significant as he prepares to dismantle the notion that one can be justified by observing the Law. His unique claim is that he was so zealous for Judaism that he actually persecuted the church. This devotion distinguished him from his countrymen, and reputably so. It was also â€Å"credential† that qualified him to challenge the heresy of the Judaizers. 2. His First post-Christian Jerusalem Visit 1:18-24 Paul goes up to Jerusalem and meets Peter and James. Presumably, they, in addition to other Christians in the churches in Judea acknowledged Paul’s apostleship as being authentic (v.24). Paul is gradually mounting a convincing case against the Judaizers; they criticized him wanting to â€Å"enhance his reputation† by preaching his gospel13 3. His Second post-Christian Jerusalem Visit 2:1-10 Paul re-visits Jerusalem 14 years subsequent to his initial visit to the city to meet with the apostles. In this section, he states that they saw that he â€Å"had been entrusted with the gospel to the uncircumcised†. The recognition by the original apostles (i.e. Peter, James, and John) regardingShow MoreRelatedSouthwestern Assemblies Of God University. . . Hermeneutics1734 Words   |  7 PagesWhat’s the Why? The book of Galatians was written for the simple reason to clear up the truth of the gospel. Shortly after Paul left the church of Galatia, an unknown person or ‘people’ came to the church and led them to believe otherwise. The church of Galatia, being brand new was thrown off by the idea that they were living an immoral life, and immediately changed what they were doing to fit what the people or persons taught this. The thought of having the Galatians taken from the truth infuriatedRead MoreDate and Destination of Galations2324 Words   |  10 PagesGrace School of Theology NORTH OR SOUTH: Destination and Date of Galatians A Paper Submitted to Gregory P. Sapaugh, Th.M. Ph.D In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of RS-503: Research Methods, Writing, and Technology by William (Brant) Wallace Houston, Texas February 25, 2015 Contents Introduction 1 General Debate 1 Geography of Galatia 2 Diversity and Strategy 2 Advantage for Missional Activities 3 The North 3 Evidence for the NorthernRead MoreMaddie Piner Final Bible Paper: Galatians Paul begins his letter by saying he is an apostle not600 Words   |  3 Pages Maddie Piner Final Bible Paper: Galatians Paul begins his letter by saying he is an apostle not from men nor through man, but Jesus Christ. He sends grace and peace from God and Christ, stating the deliverance made possible by Jesus death for our sins. As a servant of Christ, Paul is seeking to please God not man. The gospel preached by Paul was being twisted by those false teachers. Paul proceeds to defend both the gospel and his apostleship by showing thatRead MoreReasons For Not Accepting Acts As A Historical Record1534 Words   |  7 Pageshowever, would argue that though Paul was once a Jewish leader, he experienced a conversion and helped start the new Jesus movement. He then preached what he believed about Jesus to anyone, despite much controversy. In order to dive into these arguments, it is important to address the validity of sources used. One source I will be using is the book of Acts. According to Richard Pervo in The Making of Paul, there are many reasons for not accepting Acts as a historical record. He suggests reasonsRead MoreExplication of Sonnet 144 Essay859 Words   |  4 Pagesregards to who it is written about and the story behind it. I would like to state first of all that the straight facts about the sonnets are so few and that theories and debates are many. Doubt is cast over nearly every aspect of these sonnets. Arguments from when they were written, whom they were written to, why they were written, and even in many cases the question of who wrote them. The common thought of whom they were written to and why they were written has evolved as of late to reach a viewRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article The Pericope Of Galatians 2 : 15-211187 Words   |  5 PagesThe pericope of Galatians 2:15-21 is the thesis o f the entire letter to the early Christian communities in Galatia (Furnish 1971). It begins after Paul greets the people of Galatia. The people of Galatia have been visited by missionaries who still insist that the laws must still be adhered to especially the laws of circumcision causing confusion in the people. Peter had drawn away from the gentiles over purity issues and this was still greatly on Paul’s mind in writing to the Galatians (Furnish 1971)Read MoreThe Bible ( Chr 105 Oa2 )1558 Words   |  7 PagesTabitha Sanders Introduction to the Bible (CHR 105-OA2) Anderson University December 5th, 2016 Final Exam 1. Using the book, notes, and biblical text itself, choose two of the Gospels and compare and contrast their presentation of the life of Christ. Be sure to include how things like the authors’ background and audience affect their message. I have decided to compare and contrast the Gospels of Matthew and Mark. In the book of Matthew, we begin with the angel coming to Joseph and telling him ofRead MoreWomen in Ministry and the Redemptive Trend Hermeneutic: My View1617 Words   |  7 Pagesout one organization for focused argument, but this statement accurately represents a sentiment within the faith that I find disturbing. In this paper, I will use the redemptive trend hermeneutic to deconstruct the CBMWs affirmation, while providing my own views on why I find both women in ministry and the redemptive trend hermeneutic as valid. The redemptive trend hermeneutic is a strategy for making sense of our 2000+ year old collection of texts we call the Bible. Keeping in mind the fallennessRead MoreJustification by Faith Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pagesalone cannot save them. Verse 16 Knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law, but by the faith of Jesus Christ. this is one of the clearest definitions in Scripture regarding the way in which we can become justified. Here in Galatians 2:16, justification deals with the fact that we cannot be justified#8212;or given good standing before God#8212;through our obedience to the Law of Moses. According to Paul, it must be given to us by grace alone, through faith alone, in ChristRead MoreGalatians 3 : 15-29 The Law And The Promise3072 Words   |  13 PagesGalatians 3:15-29 the Law and the Promise General Introduction Galatians author was the apostle Paul and the audience was the churches of Galatia, discovered by Paul in his first route of mission work or spreading the gospel. The Galatian Epistle was addressed to the â€Å"Christian congregation of Galatia† (1:2). Certain positons are held by certain scholars as to who Paul’s letter to the churches of Galatia was written. One theory is that it was written in Northern Galatians. A view held by J.B. Lightfoot

Comparison of The Matrix and Do Androids Dream of...

Comparison of The Matrix and Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep? Andy and Larry Wachowskis movie, The Matrix parallels many of the characters and themes that are explored in Philip K. Dicks novel, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?. There are five main characters or groups of people that are explored in Dicks novel. First, Morpheus, the leader of the unplugged individuals, emulates the role that the Rosen Association plays. Next, Cypher, an underhanded man, who is comparable to Rachel Rosen, a typical android, shows no empathy towards anyone. Surprisingly, Rick Deckard, an android killer and the main character, resembles the agents in The Matrix. Following Rick, the androids represent the enlightened men and women in The†¦show more content†¦It may be too much for their minds to handle. In addition, both Morpheus and the Rosen Association are constantly searching for something more. Morpheus is in search of the one, a man that is vastly superior to all others. Likewise, the Rosen Association is constantly looking for new ways to make androids more intelligent and more human- like. Ricks boss is telling him about the android that killed a senior bounty hunter, It must have been one of those new, extra-cl ever andys the Rosen Association is turning out(28). Morpheus wants to find the one who will be able to challenge the agents who police the matrix. The Rosen Association wants to create an android that is so realistic, that it is impossible to tell it apart from a human. The problem is, these creators are unable to form an android with the emotion of empathy. More specifically, Rachel Rosen, an android lacking empathy, is surprisingly consistent with Cypher, a deceitful, unplugged individual. Neither of these characters seem to have any empathy at all. In Rachels case, it is expected because she is an android. She insists on helping Rick find and retire other androids. She offers her services to Rick Deckard without wanting anything in return. Rick is reluctant, but she is persistent, But I really think you need me(90). She has absolutely no sense of feeling for othersShow MoreRelatedProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages4] 10.3.3.1 Lessons learned [8.3.3.4] 9.4.2.2 Individual performance appraisals Chapter 7 Managing Risk Chapter 15 Chapter 16 International Projects Oversight 11.1 Risk management process [F.8] 11.2 Identifying risks 11.3.2.2 Impact matrix 11.4 Risk assessment 11.5 Risk responses (.2–.1.2) 11.6 Risk register 7.1.2.5 PERT analysis 7.1.2.6.3 Contingency reserves 7.3.3.4 Change control management G.7 Culture awareness 1.4.4 Project offices 8.1.2 Continuous improvement 5.1 RequirementsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL 24 Diagnostic Survey and Exercises 24 Personal Assessment of Management Skills (PAMS) 24 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 28 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 30 SCORING KEY AND COMPARISON DATA 42 Personal Assessment of Management Skills 42 Scoring Key 42 Comparison Data 42 What Does It Take to Be an Effective Manager? 43 SSS Software In-Basket Exercise 43 PART I 1 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 45 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS SKILL ASSESSMENT 46 Diagnostic Surveys for

Worker Reduction Free Essays

FastServe has a tough decision to make. The five employees on the list have their own sets of good and bad points. Termination of an employment needs to be handled with care to avoid facing three labor suits. We will write a custom essay sample on Worker Reduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Being a direct marketing organization, what the company needs are people who have the skills that are useful in its kind of business. Since the company is closing down its online marketing and distribution channels, it does not need people whose skills are limited on those areas. It needs to retain people who can make positive contributions to its main business. The first consideration that FastServe must take note of is how that employee will contribute to the direct marketing business. In line with this, FastServe takes productivity into serious consideration. Next, the company must also take into account other things like compliance with the company’s policy on attendance, work performance, productivity, and work redundancy. Another important thing to consider is the employees’ work status, whether they are full-time, contractual, or under a labor bargaining agreement. This is a very important consideration to avoid abuse of the Employment At Will doctrine. Finally, the company must take into account the different anti-discrimination in the workplace laws . Each person on the list could file for discrimination when terminated because each one of them falls under the protected minority. Before FastServe will have to choose the final three people for termination, the company must talk to each one of them and give them time to defend themselves or improve on weak areas. Even if the layoff is not on a large scale basis and would not violate the WARN Act, or the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act, it still would be humane and preventing legal actions if the company would do this act. Carl Haimes – Retain Of all the employees on the list, Carl Haimes has the best record. His overall track record performance is above average, the highest and only one in the group. In terms of productivity, he also scored above the median, which is what the company would like to see among its employees. In terms of education, Haimes has a degree in Information Systems, a skill that is useful in marketing. He is also a qualified systems analyst, an important asset to a marketing company that needs to have marketing systems in place. Haimes’ computer maintenance skills and LAN installation skills for three platforms will come handy for the maintenance of the company’s databases and electronic marketing portfolio. Haimes will also be useful when the company will be automating its systems. Strictly from skills and qualifications, Haimes is a clear candidate for retention. To improve Haimes’ chances for retention, no one has made any complaint on his behavior or work ethics. Moreover, the company has no problem with his attendance, the only one in the group. Haimes’ contract need not be an issue since the company would be retaining him. Haimes is gay and his sexual orientation could become a problem in conservative and traditional companies. Fortunately, FastServe, being a marketer, could not afford to be intolerant to diversity in the workplace. Diversity is what it needs to survive in a highly competitive environment. Retaining Haimes would benefit the company because of his skills, qualifications and adherence to company policies. Lastly, Haimes can’t be terminated because there is nothing that the company would find undesirable in his performance. Besides, Haimes could file for sexual discrimination if he gets terminated knowing that among the five, he is the most qualified and the best performer. Brian Carter – Terminate In Brian Carter’s case, the company must be very careful that it won’t be sued with violation against the Disability Act of 1995 since this employee has a carpal tunnel syndrome. Should Brian passed the medical tests, then, FastServe cannot terminate him because of this problem. Brian cannot continue with his employment with FastServe for various reasons even if he does not suffer from a wrist problem. First, Brian’s skills are highly specialized and limited to programming, which is very useful in the online distribution channels but not on direct marketing. Brian, being a techie guy, is unlikely to fit in a direct marketing kind of work even if he had a chance to train for marketing-related functions. He is a computer kind of guy and would feel more comfortable facing a workstation instead of facing people. Besides, Brian won’t find it difficult to find new employment since his skills are highly sought after in todays environment. The company can terminate him at will because his expertise is not needed anymore. Second, Brian has a staggering 17 days absences in a two-month period, the highest among the five of them, and a fact that made his supervisor dislike him. He could have improved on his performance and productivity if Brian weren’t absent for that many days. Terminating Brian would benefit the company because he will become an underperforming asset should his employment with the company continue. Sarah Boyd – Retain Sarah Boyd is the second employee that FastServe should retain. She’s with the company for 15 years and her status is full time. But her retention are not simply based on those two factors. Of the three remaining persons on the list, Sarah has the lowest number of days absent in a two-month period. Her overall track performance is average while her productivity is median. Sarah is capable of managing and administering an office, skills that are useful in a marketing company. Also, she’s the only person who knows office procedure better than anyone else. Her prioritizing and sorting skills could become redundant when the company will automate its processes. However, it would take time for the automation to be implemented. While waiting for that time, Sarah could continue doing her job and she could be taught other skills. Besides, Sarah is 53 years old and protected under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. So long as Sarah is able and capable of doing her tasks, the company can’t make her retire against her will. However, should the company find the need to replace Sarah when she reaches 55 years old, FastServe could offer her an early retirement package that is attractive, fair and equitable. Nora Manson – Terminate Nora Manson’s overall performance is above average but her productivity is below median. The company is currently focused on high productivity from their employees and Nora falls short of that goal. There is also the question of Nora’s absenteeism that has already accumulated into two months. This is very high and would raise questions on her job loyalty. Another point against Nora is on her loyalty to FastServe. She has been directing employees to file discrimination complaints against the company she works for. Nora’s participation in discrimination charges against FastServe is protected by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. These acts may be in accordance to her personal values and are protected by law but these do not show loyalty to FastServe. Being an advocate of fair treatment need not mean going to the labor court right away. Nora could have acted as intermediary to prevent labor suits. On the positive side, Nora has rescued two big accounts and is skilled in handling irate and upset callers. She’s also skilled in other aspects of making sales. Despite her positive contributions, Nora is too radical to become an asset to the company. While the company cannot take it against her to be watchful of discrimination, her work shouldn’t have been affected by all of her non-work related activities. Her activities with her affiliation could have been the reason why Nora’s productivity is low. FastServe should end Nora’s employment so long as her contract allows the company to do that. If the employment is for a definite period of time, then the company can use her performance, productivity and absenteeism problems as the ground for her termination. However, the company should be prepared to handle discrimination complaints that Nora may file against it considering that she is an African-American and is an active member of NAACP. Jenny Mills – Terminate Jenny Mills should also be terminated. Although the law prohibits termination of women because of pregnancy, the company won’t be ending Jenny’s employment because of that. She is on contract and her attendance is very bad. She is also taking extra breaks that are not supposedly allowed and this make male employees complain. Jenny cannot use as an excuse her pregnancy for the 14 days of absence in a period of one month. Pregnancies are mostly difficult in the first two months and once a woman is already beyond that, her condition would be better. Jenny is already five months pregnant and there are no indications that it is a difficult pregnancy. Although she holds a degree in public relations, she has no special achievements. Her skills are also limited to answering queries from customers and troubleshooting common instruments problems. These skills can easily be taught to other persons. The company can even delegate these tasks to Sarah Boyd so that when it is time to automate, Sarah would be useful in other areas. How to cite Worker Reduction, Papers

Paddy Clarke (1181 words) Essay Example For Students

Paddy Clarke (1181 words) Essay Paddy ClarkeThe novel Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha has no authorial presence at all, yet the readergains a richer understanding of the situation than Paddy ? or any other10-year old ? could ever have. With regard to the parents break up, howdoes Doyle achieve this? There are many factors which suggest how Doyle hassucceeded in creating a triangular relationship between himself the reader andthe narrator ? Paddy Clarke ? so that the reader has a greater awareness ofthe predicament that Paddy is in. Doyles achievement is how he alternates thepoetic and realistic without once lapsing into stream-of-self-consciousness; theonly way we as readers can tell its written by an adult, is by the spelling. We see the violence in Paddys life peripherally; Doyle tells us nothing morethan what the child sees and comprehends. One of the reasons for Roddy Doylessuccess lies in creating a realistic and convincing character for a 10-year oldchild. He does this by his clever use of language, and also in how he arrangeshis sentences to convey deep emotion and feeling than any emotive languagecould: Hed hit her. Across the face; smack. I tried to imagine it. Itdidnt make sense. Id heard it; hed hit her. Shed come out of thekitchen, straight up to their bedroom. Across the face. ? P190 In thisinstance, Doyle has used short and evident sentences, to invoke a feeling of aweand confusion. The short sentences represent how Paddy is dumbstruck and lostfor words, shocked by what hes heard ? this is also highlighted when hesays here; I tried to imagine it. It didnt make sense. Here, he alsoemphatically uses onomatopoeia ? smack, ? which adds to the sense offearful respect and also Paddys child-like inte rpretation of events. Repetition is used here ? Across the face ? heading his oft-repeatedamazement. Another example of how Doyle uses repetition can be seen on pages 153and 154: I waited for them to say something different, wanting it Only now, all I could do was listen and wish. I didnt pray; there wereno prayers for this. But I rocked the same way as I did when I was sayingprayers.I rocked Stop stop stop stop ? . Doyle uses repetition to showPaddys anxiety, when he repeats ?stop. Here, Paddy is mentallycommanding his parents to stop in desperation, as he thought he had done on page42: Stop. There was a gap. It had worked; Id forced them to stop. Hebelieves that he has the power to make his parents stop arguing, as shown onpage 42, but realisation dawns when he repeatedly tells them to stop on page154, and it doesnt work. This reflects on the fact that Paddy Clarke is achild, and his inability to restrain his emotions is a facet of his youthshowing through. Another childish aspect throughout the book is how Paddy ?like other children at that age would ? spouts offhand irrelevant knowledgethats hes picked up from class or elsewhere: Snails and slugs weregastropods; they had stomach feet. The real name for soccer was associationfootball. Association football was played with a round ball on a rectangularpitch by two sides of eleven people Geronimo was the last of the renegadeApaches I learned this by heart. I liked it. Readers can relate tothis, as we can all remember when wed learnt something that wed foundparticularly fascinating at school or the library, and recited it all the time,thinking we were clever. Another reason why the reader of Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Hahas a higher understanding than is simply because the adult audience has moreexperience in family issues ? from our own experiences. We can see theviolence in his life superficially; we are told nothing more than what the childsees and comprehends. A good example of this can be found on page 95: Ma saidsomething to Da. I d idnt hear it. I looked at ma again. She was stilllooking at Da. Catherine had one of Mas fingers in her mouth and she wasbiting real hard ? she had a few teeth ? but Ma didnt do anything aboutit. Here, Paddy has given us an insight to the emotional turmoil that existsin the family, but Doyle ? again ? has not used any emotional adjectives toshow this. We can interpret what is happening from his parents actions, whichjustifiably speak louder than words. Paddys mother is staring at Da, waitingfrom him to answer, and the baby is biting into her finger, hard as Paddy says. .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 , .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 .postImageUrl , .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 , .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3:hover , .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3:visited , .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3:active { border:0!important; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3:active , .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3 .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e839ee77504ea9fd072faa7f5c83eb3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Essay Watching Video Food, Inc. EssayWe can tell that Ma is angry as her husband is not speaking to her, not by Doyledescribing her anger but by the fact that she pays no heed to the pain that thebaby is calling her ? such is the animosity that exists between the couple. Paddy cannot see this, and is wracked by confusion. This is shown a fewparagraphs later: Ma was getting out of the car. It was awkward because ofCatherine. I thought we were all getting out, that it had stopped raining. Butit hadnt. It was lashing. We can see that Ma patience has been tested and,in her ire, she leaves the car. Conformation that Paddy does not understand issealed when he asks ? Has she gone for 99s? His father doesnt reply,the silence filling the void between him and Ma ? unbeknown to Paddy, whoseinnocent question remains unanswered. We are able to read between the lines, andby doing this we can detect the silent turbulence, unlike Paddy whom is thestorys narrator. Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha is written in the first person, and istherefore devoid of the authorial omniscience and intrusiveness that would allowDoyle to relate to the reader. The fact that the story is set in a first-personnarrative with a bewildered 10-year old as the narrator allows us to fillthe gaps in P addys mind, and we can connect with Doyles imagination andin doing this he has effectively succeeded in creating a realistic world throughthe eyes of an imaginary child. When reading, the reader and Paddy develop asymbiotic existence, where Paddy is necessary to allow us to see, and hear andact as a viewpoint into his world, and our superior comprehension can observethe underlying tension that ultimately culminates in the parents divorce. Roddy Doyle writes potent novels, rooted in working-class experience. His firstthree novels, known as the Barrytown trilogy, focused on the Rabbittes, a familyof eight whose lives are a mixture of high comedy, depressing poverty anddomestic chaos. The novel Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha explores with remarkablesubtlety the development of a small boys empathy, as he simultaneously masterslanguage and discovers a new understanding of pain. Written almost entirely indialogue, his books are full of slang, colloquialisms, and vulgarisms. In thepast, Doyles raw portrayal of working class Ireland has received as muchcensure as praise in his native country. Ive been criticised for the badlanguage in my booksthat Ive given a bad image of the country, saidDoyle. The authors own view is that his job is simply to describe things andpeople as they really are. In Doyles world, the lives are tough, and thelanguage is rough, but beauty and tenderness survive amid the void of bleakness. All quotes are taken directly from the Minerva publication of Paddy Clarke Ha HaHa.